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Definition of stuttering – Campbell, Constantino, Simpson (2019)
Margaret M. Leahy (2021) ‘Dysfluency Definitions’. Metaphoric Stammers & Embodied Speakers: Clinical Workshop, Online, 12 Feb 2021.
Neurodevelopmental variation that leads to unpredictable and unique forward execution of speech sounds in context of language and social interaction.
— Campbell, Constantino, Simpson (2019)
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References
- Campbell, P., Constantino, C., Simpson, S. (Eds) (2019) Stammering: Pride & Prejudice. Surrey, UK: J & R Press.
Related files
A stuttering behavior consists of a word improperly patterned in time and the speaker’s reaction thereto.
— Van Riper, page 15 (1972)
Timing → Sequencing → Reaction
A stuttering behavior consists of a word improperly patterned in time and the speaker’s reaction thereto.
— Van Riper, page 15 (1972)
Timing → Sequencing → Reaction
No items found.
Stuttering consists of involuntary disruptions to the rhythmic flow of speech, the speaker’s cognitive and emotional reactions to them, and the speaker’s perceptions of listener reactions.
In persistent stuttering, the speaker develops a sense of self-who-stutters resulting from attributing meaning to personal experiences through self-narrative. The construction of self-who-stutters is influenced by the speaker’s relationships with others. Current research indicates a neurodevelopmental basis for stuttering, with epigenetic influences. The narratives of people who stutter are key environmental factors contributing to the epigenetic process.
— O'Dwyer (2016)
Stuttering consists of involuntary disruptions to the rhythmic flow of speech, the speaker’s cognitive and emotional reactions to them, and the speaker’s perceptions of listener reactions.
In persistent stuttering, the speaker develops a sense of self-who-stutters resulting from attributing meaning to personal experiences through self-narrative. The construction of self-who-stutters is influenced by the speaker’s relationships with others. Current research indicates a neurodevelopmental basis for stuttering, with epigenetic influences. The narratives of people who stutter are key environmental factors contributing to the epigenetic process.
— O'Dwyer (2016)
No items found.
Stuttering is an individual style of talk-in-interaction with occasional, variable, involuntary breaks in word and sound transitions. Influences on the quality and quantity of this speech style include socially-shared interpretations of the dominant narrative of stuttering, and the neuronal activity regulating speech transitions of the PWS.
— Leahy (2021)
Stuttering is an individual style of talk-in-interaction with occasional, variable, involuntary breaks in word and sound transitions. Influences on the quality and quantity of this speech style include socially-shared interpretations of the dominant narrative of stuttering, and the neuronal activity regulating speech transitions of the PWS.
— Leahy (2021)
No items found.
- Disability viewed as a human rights issue.
- Direct challenge to the medical model & institutions within which most SLTs have been trained and work.
Calls into question:
- Principles upon which therapy is based.
- Roles of therapist/client.
- Language.
- Range of therapies offered.
- Types, forms and aims of research into stammering.
<hr>
If speech language pathology is the intervention that stuttering activists seek from the government, medicine and private sphere, there is at least a conversation to be had about its medical necessity […] The stutter itself is only a negative bodily development if making people occasionally wait an extra two to ten minutes is a pathological emergency. This is all just to say, the burden should be on speech pathologists to prove their legitimacy on something more than merely auditory aesthetics.
— Richter (2019, p.73-74)
<hr>
Call for action
- Ethical responsibility.
- Locating therapy discourse within wider disability/neurodiversity discourse.
- Call for broader focus of therapy to address roles that self-identity, society and social stigma play.
- Drive to enrich and enhance professional accounts.
- Co-authoring therapy knowledge.
- Disability viewed as a human rights issue.
- Direct challenge to the medical model & institutions within which most SLTs have been trained and work.
Calls into question:
- Principles upon which therapy is based.
- Roles of therapist/client.
- Language.
- Range of therapies offered.
- Types, forms and aims of research into stammering.
<hr>
If speech language pathology is the intervention that stuttering activists seek from the government, medicine and private sphere, there is at least a conversation to be had about its medical necessity […] The stutter itself is only a negative bodily development if making people occasionally wait an extra two to ten minutes is a pathological emergency. This is all just to say, the burden should be on speech pathologists to prove their legitimacy on something more than merely auditory aesthetics.
— Richter (2019, p.73-74)
<hr>
Call for action
- Ethical responsibility.
- Locating therapy discourse within wider disability/neurodiversity discourse.
- Call for broader focus of therapy to address roles that self-identity, society and social stigma play.
- Drive to enrich and enhance professional accounts.
- Co-authoring therapy knowledge.
No items found.
- Fluent ↔︎ Stuttered
- Medical models ↔︎ Social models
- Speech restructuring therapies ↔︎ Neurodiversity
<hr>
Authentic self as fluent
Authentic self is repressed by bodily power (pathology). We can liberate the self by restoring normal functioning.
- Behavioral therapy.
- Medication.
- Surgery.
<hr>
Authentic self as stuttered
Authentic self is repressed by social power (ableism). We can liberate the self by rejecting fluency.
- Stuttering pride.
- Activism.
- Creative expression.
- Identity is always relative.
<hr>
Identity is always relative
There is no true self to be emancipated, there is only different selves constituted through power relations.
I am constantly being encouraged to pluck out some one aspect of myself and present this as the meaningful whole, eclipsing or denying the other parts of self.
— Lorde (1984)
<hr>
A rejection of authenticity does not necessarily lead to determinism.
We are free in so far as we continuously rebelling against the ways in which we are already defined, categorized, and classified.
- Fluent ↔︎ Stuttered
- Medical models ↔︎ Social models
- Speech restructuring therapies ↔︎ Neurodiversity
<hr>
Authentic self as fluent
Authentic self is repressed by bodily power (pathology). We can liberate the self by restoring normal functioning.
- Behavioral therapy.
- Medication.
- Surgery.
<hr>
Authentic self as stuttered
Authentic self is repressed by social power (ableism). We can liberate the self by rejecting fluency.
- Stuttering pride.
- Activism.
- Creative expression.
- Identity is always relative.
<hr>
Identity is always relative
There is no true self to be emancipated, there is only different selves constituted through power relations.
I am constantly being encouraged to pluck out some one aspect of myself and present this as the meaningful whole, eclipsing or denying the other parts of self.
— Lorde (1984)
<hr>
A rejection of authenticity does not necessarily lead to determinism.
We are free in so far as we continuously rebelling against the ways in which we are already defined, categorized, and classified.
No items found.